Cis Chapter 5 Study Guide

CS200-Chapter5-Homework Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____1. A(n) ____ is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer. a. |keyboard|c. |gamepad| b. |light pen|d. |stylus| ____2. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ is a touch-sensitive display device. a. |stylus|c. |gamepad| b. |touch screen|d. |touch remote| ____3. A(n) ____ is a freestanding computer that includes a touch screen. a. |encoder|c. |modem| b. |kiosk|d. |telemeter| ____4.The Wii ____ is a motion-sensing input device that uses Bluetooth wireless technology to communicate with the Wii game console. a. |Tooth|c. |Remote| b. |Bluetool|d. |gamepad| ____5. On a ____, sometimes called a game controller, users press buttons or move sticks in various directions to activate events. a. |gamepad|c. |trackball| b. |Click Wheel|d. |touch screen| ____6. ____ is the process of entering data by speaking into a mic rophone. a. |MIDI|c. |Voice over| b. |Speech recognition|d. |Voice input| ____7. Voice input is part of a larger category of input called ____ input. a. |audible|c. |integrated| b. audio|d. |aural| ____8. Voice ____ is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone. a. |recognition|c. |concatenation| b. |input|d. |indexing| ____9. Audio ____ is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects. a. |recognition|c. |concatenation| b. |input|d. |indexing| ____10. A(n) ____ is the smallest element in an electronic image. a. |bit|c. |pixel| b. |candela|d. |nit| ____11. As shown in the accompanying figure, a ____ is a video camera that displays its output on a Web page. a. |Web cam|c. |PC camera| b. |PDA|d. |video conference| ____12.A(n) ____ conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data. a. |video|c. |dynamic| b. |distance|d. |profession al| ____13. A(n) ____ cam enables a home or small business user to capture video and still images, send e-mail messages with video attachments, add live images to instant messages, broadcast live images over the Internet, and make video telephone calls. a. |online|c. |conference| b. |Web|d. |vid| ____14. A(n) ____ scanner works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy a. thermal|c. |flatbed| b. |drum|d. |rolling| ____15. A bar code ____ uses laser beams to read bar codes. a. |device|c. |processor| b. |cam|d. |reader| ____16. An MICR ____ converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process. a. |device|c. |processor| b. |cam|d. |reader| ____17. A fingerprint ____ captures curves and indentations in a fingerprint. a. |identifier|c. |reader| b. |biometer|d. |processor| ____18. ____ is data that has been processed into a useful form. a. |Concatenation|c. |Output| b. |Recognition|d. |Input| ____19. A ____ de vice is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information. . |processor|c. |graphical| b. |basal|d. |display| ____20. A(n) ____ is a display device that is packaged as a separate peripheral. a. |scanner|c. |monitor| b. |biometer|d. |both a and c| ____21. A(n) ____ monitor like the one shown in the accompanying figure, uses a liquid crystal display to produce images. a. |pixel|c. |plasma| b. |graphical|d. |LCD| ____22. ____ describes the difference in light intensity between the brightest white and darkest black that can be displayed on a monitor like the one in the accompanying figure. a. |Pixel pitch|c. |Contrast ratio| b. |Resolution|d. |Refresh rate| ____23.The quality of a monitor like the one in the accompanying figure depends primarily on its ____. a. |screen size|c. |base| b. |resolution|d. |voltage| ____24. ____ is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device. a. |Pixel depth|c. |Bit depth| b. |Color index|d. |Resolution| ____25 . A(n) ____ monitor is a display device that uses gas plasma technology, which sandwiches a layer of gas between two glass plates. a. |resolved|c. |plasma| b. |topology|d. |gaseous| ____26. For a display device like the one in the accompanying figure, all of the following are common sizes EXCEPT____ inches. . |15|c. |20| b. |17|d. |22| ____27. A(n) ____ monitor like the one in the accompanying figure is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode ray tube. a. |LCD|c. |plasma| b. |CRT|d. |PCX| ____28. ____ is a wireless technology for printing. a. |RFID|c. |Bluetooth| b. |Stylus|d. |Wii| ____29. Printer resolution is measured in ____. a. |pixels|c. |hertz| b. |dots per inch|d. |pages per minute| ____30. A(n) ____ printer is any category of printer that forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper. a. |character|c. |nonimpact| b. |laser|d. |ink-jet| ____31.A(n) ____ printer is a type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spra ying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper. a. |plasma|c. |ink-jet| b. |thermal|d. |dot-matrix| ____32. A(n) ____ generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. a. |laser printer|c. |photo-quality printer| b. |thermal printer|d. |ink-jet printer| ____33. A(n) ____ peripheral is a single device that looks like a copy machine but provides the functionality of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a fax machine a. |multivariate|c. |multiple| b. |multifunction|d. multifaceted| ____34. A dot-matrix printer is a kind of ____ printer. a. |laser|c. |nonimpact| b. |plotter|d. |impact| ____35. A(n) ____ printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper. a. |laser|c. |plotter| b. |impact|d. |ink-jet| ____36. A(n) ____ output device is a component of a computer that produces music, speech, or other sounds, such as beeps. a. |video|c. |aural| b. |audio|d . |sensory| ____37. To boost low bass sounds, surround sound speaker systems also include a ____. a. |headset|c. |subwoofer| b. graphics chips|d. |multifunction peripheral| ____38. ____ are audio output devices that rest inside the ear canal. a. |Faxes|c. |UPCs| b. |Audiophones|d. |Earbuds| ____39. The ____ requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers. a. |Sarbanes-Oxley Act|c. |Workers’ Protection Act| b. |ADA|d. |W3C Act| ____40. Two output options for blind users are ____. a. |Braille printer and headset| b. |voice output and Braille printer| c. |on-screen keyboard and head-mounted pointer| d. |head mounted pointer and voice recognition|True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____41. A wireless keyboard uses ultraviolet light waves to communicate with the computer. ____42. If a touch screen like the one in the accompanying figure recognizes multiple points of contact at the same time, it is known as a multi-touch screen. ____43. Many handheld game consoles have touch screens. ____44. Gamepads can communicate with a game console or personal computer via wired or wireless technology. ____45. Joysticks and wheels are typically wireless and not attached via a cable to a personal computer or game console. ___46. Musical instrument and balance board controllers communicate with game consoles via wired or wireless technology. ____47. The most expensive kind of digital camera is a field camera. ____48. One factor that affects the quality of a digital camera is its resolution. ____49. The only equipment necessary for a video conference is a Web cam. ____50. A digital video camera records video as an analog signal. ____51. RFID requires line-of-sight transmission. ____52. A bar code identifies the price, the manufacturer, and the size of the product. ____53.Exposure to a magnet or magnetic field can erase the content of a card’s magnetic stripe. _ ___54. Some newer keyboards and notebook computers have a fingerprint scanner built into them. ____55. Signature verification systems use a specialized pen and tablet. ____56. An ATM is a self-service banking machine that connects to a host computer through a network. ____57. Plasma monitors offer smaller screen sizes and lower display quality than LCD monitors, but are less expensive. ____58. All high-quality CRT monitors like the one shown in the accompanying figure comply with a set of standards that defines acceptable levels of EMR. ___59. Monitors like the one in the accompanying figure produce a small amount of electromagnetic radiation. ____60. Many different printers exist with varying speeds, capabilities, and printing methods. ____61. Operating in a manner similar to a copy machine, a dye-sublimation printer creates images using a laser beam and powdered ink, called toner. ____62. A disadvantage of multifunction peripherals is that they are significantly more expensive tha n if a user purchased each device separately. ____63. Most personal computers have a small internal speaker that emits high-quality sound. ____64.An on-screen keyboard is a graphic of a standard keyboard that is displayed on the user’s screen. ____65. Visually impaired users can change Windows Vista settings to increase the size or change the color of text, making it easier to read. CS200-Chapter5-Homework Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:190 OBJ:1 2. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:193 OBJ:3 3. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:193 OBJ:3 4. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:196 OBJ:5 5. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:196 OBJ:5 6. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:198 OBJ:5 7. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:198 OBJ:5 8. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:198 OBJ:5 9. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:198 OBJ:5 10. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:198OBJ:5 11. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 12. ANS:APTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 13. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 14. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:200 OBJ:5 15. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:201 OBJ:5 16. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:202 OBJ:5 17. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:202 OBJ: 5 18. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:206 OBJ:6 19. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:207 OBJ:6 20. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:207 OBJ:6 21. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:208 OBJ:6 22. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:209 OBJ:6 23. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:209 OBJ:6 24. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:209 OBJ:6 25. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:210 OBJ:6 26. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:210 OBJ:6 27. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:210 OBJ:6 28. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:212 OBJ:7 29.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:213 OBJ:7 30. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:213 OBJ:7 31. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:PREF:213 OBJ:7 32. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:215 OBJ:7 33. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:215 OBJ:7 34. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:217 OBJ:7 35. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:217 OBJ:7 36. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:217 OBJ:8 37. ANS:CPTS:1DIF:SREF:217 OBJ:8 38. ANS:DPTS:1DIF:PREF:218 OBJ:8 39. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:PREF:220 OBJ:9 40. ANS:BPTS:1DIF:SREF:221 OBJ:9 TRUE/FALSE 41. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:190 OBJ:1 42. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:193 OBJ:3 43. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:193 OBJ:3 44. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:196 OBJ:5 45. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:PREF:196 OBJ:5 46. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:196 OBJ:5 47.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:197 OB J:5 48. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:198 OBJ:5 49. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:199 OBJ:5 50. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:PREF:199 OBJ:5 51. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:201 OBJ:5 52. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:201 OBJ:5 53. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:202 OBJ:5 54. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:202 OBJ:5 55. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:203 OBJ:5 56. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:PREF:204 OBJ:5 57. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:210 OBJ:6 58. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:211 OBJ:6 59. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:211 OBJ:6 60. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:211 OBJ:7 61. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:214 OBJ:7 62. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:215 OBJ:7 63. ANS:FPTS:1DIF:SREF:217 OBJ:8 64. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:220 OBJ:8 65. ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SREF:221 OBJ:9

Essay on Global Warming Essay

Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. Even though it is an ongoing debate, it is proved by the scientists that the planet is warming. The 29th century is experiencing a continued increase of Earth’s mean atmospheric temperature by about 1.4 degrees F and about two thirds of it occurring since 1980. This is global warming is affecting the nature’s balance and has a huge impact on life like continued heat waves, and sudden occurrence of storms and floods. Don’t we see time to time the epidemics that are devastating to human life and the flooding of the farmlands that puts economy in a deep hole? Scientific evidence indicates that since 1950, the world’s climate has been warming, primarily as a result of emissions from non -stop burning of fossil fuels and the razing of tropical forests. Since the industrial revolution till this day, there is a constant emission of the carbon into the atmosphere, everything we do we leave carbon footprints. It is a man made cause of the global warming. The global emissions jumped 3 percent in 2011 and are expected to jump another 2.6 percent in 2012, researchers reported. The greenhouse effect is a process by which the greenhouse gases absorb thermal radiation; these are then reradiated in all directions. But when some of these radiations come back to the surface and lower atmosphere, it causes increase in the average surface temperature leading to global warming. Global warming Causes The causes are many of which the main culprit is the increase in the greenhouse gases that is produced by burning fossil fuel and deforestation, thus intensifying the greenhouse effect leading to global warming. The four main contributors of the greenhouse effect are, water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Mining for coal and oil releases methane in the atmosphere. More ever the leakage from natural gas fields and landfills are additional source of methane. Excessive cutting down of the trees is another factor causing global warming. When deforestation happens the efficiency by which carbon dioxide is stored and oxygen released by the green plants are decreased to a huge rate in turn causing increased concentration of carbon dioxide that leads to increased greenhouse effect. The nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes are other factors that cannot be forgotten as the cause of Global Warming. Another source of methane is methane clathrate, a compound containing large amounts of methane trapped in the crystal structure of ice. As methane escapes from the Arctic seabed, the rate of global warming will increase significantly. Ice caps and glaciers reflect sunlight, bouncing high temperature sun -rays back into space away from the Earth. When these icecaps are removed the earth gets warmer as the dark oceans absorb much thermal radiation from the sun. Some regions may be wet with rain and some areas will suffer drought due to global warming. The climatic changes happen due to global warming. Seasonal changes are unpredictable unexpected thunderstorms might result as mentioned earlier. The burning of wood (should be reduced to a greater extent) releases oxidizable carbon to the atmosphere whose presence in greater amount causes the elevation of temperature. There is strong evidence that emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the major cause of the recent abnormal warming. Like carbon CFC do not trap heat but in the presence of UV rays the chlorine gets detached from CFC, drifts up into the stratosphere and these unattached chlorines catalytically convert Ozone molecules into Oxygen molecules depleting the ozone layer.

Are we as informed as we think we are Assignment

Are we as informed as we think we are - Assignment Example In the whole room, only their voices could be heard. One of the participants was a 45- year- old women called Heather Tay talks a lot by just repeating other people opinions by not reasoning out some meaningful thoughts just as the design and technology consultants (Ross, 2015). Her opinions are not liked by majority, but she feels used to being on the minority side. Tay, who is an African talks about an attack of Charlie Hebdo and someone, asked her the reason Christians especially the Catholic members can be made fun of but not the Muslim’s. The funny Tay answered the man in just but a simple way that it becomes easy to make excitement of majority compared to minority (Ross, 2015). Motivation entrepreneur of Tay and Rahman called Stuart Knight saw these and felt upset regarding it as lack of knowledge. Knight talks about on how technology has led to many sharing opinions but still majority are not well informed. Every person needs to take into account what is appropriate and meaningful both personally and to others. One needs to seek out new facts and puts them into practice. Thinking big about bigger questions is highly appreciated. One need to gather information from one source and puts it into a working memory that can only allow a maximum of four new information at

Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethnography - Essay Example Ethnography refers to a collection of qualitative methods usually utilized in social sciences. These qualitative methods in most cases focus on close observation of social interactions and practises. These methods used in ethnography enable a researcher to interpret as well as build on theories that outline the occurrence of a given social process, the reasons that underlie a given occurrence within the society (Andrew, 1988: p.45). Ethnography studies the social interactions of people within a given society, their perceptions, as well as, their behaviors in relation to particular communities, organizations, teams and groups. The roots of this study trace down to the anthropological studies of rural minute areas, usually from a very remote setting. The central aim of this policy is to determine the provision of a rich as well as holistic insight into the views and actions of people. In addition, this study also considers their nature such as the sights and sounds within their environ ment or the location of their residence. The collection of this information follows several outlined features about the cultures of a give society. As such, there are several policy issues outlining the ethnography tendencies within the society (Clifford, 2013). ... As such, ethnography entails a graphical representation as well as in writing of a particular culture of a group within the society. As such, the relevant authorities come up with different policies that follow the concept of ethnocentrism (Hoey, 2013). An understanding of ethnography enables these companies to trade properly in new areas with different cultures from those of their homeland. In addition, it enables these organizations to dispel ethnocentrism from leaders or management teams of their organizations. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to overlook the cultures of other groups or factions in the society. An ethnocentric person feels that other cultures are inferior to theirs, and as such, assumes that his or her culture is the best in the society. Furthermore, he or she ends up making critical management decisions based on their culture, irrespective of the cultures surrounding the communities within which his or her organization operates. For instance, an American company ope rating in Kuwait appoints an ethnocentric individual to head the delegation. Kuwait has a very different culture compared to the American culture. As such, it is very wrong for a manager from the United States to impose American cultures on Kuwait nationals when operating in their home country. On the contrary, this American manager should try to operate like a native from Kuwait (Egger, 2008: p.94). The most common policies of the study of ethnocentrism occur in the investment and expansion analysis of multinational corporations. Most of these companies that expand into foreign territories foe market expansions as well as exploitation of investment opportunities have to

Management Solutions in Practice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management Solutions in Practice - Case Study Example With the assistance of the cloud computing, the IT organizations are served with distinct models of operation. Since the cloud providers are experts in particular applications as well as services, they are capable of managing upgrades and maintenances, failover functions, backups and disasters recoveries. Therefore, the customers using the cloud computing services are capable of gaining reliability and there is decline in the cost as well because of economies of scale and other factors of production. The current needs of the organizations can be monitored with the help of cloud computing and therefore they are capable of adjusting the capacities according to their requirements. The standardization of the protocols as well as processes can be stimulated in order to interoperate the many pieces of the cloud computing model (Educause, 2009). Salesforce.com is one of the companies that is offering cloud computing to its customers and is perceived to be one of the disruptive technologies based companies. It has been able to maintain competitive advantage and has made a mark for itself with the help of its innovative business model as well as has achieved resounding success (Salesforce, 2011). The main challenge that the Salesforce will face in the near future is the expansion of the business model in other areas. It has been identified that one of the significant challenges that they will face in the near future is related to increase in competition. The reason behind this is that the industry leaders as well as the new challengers would like to replicate the success of Salesforce. It can be stated that both the globalization and the information technology are collaborating together in order to create an unstable business environment and thus the new entrants as well as the pressing innovations are reducing the income of the

Entrepreneurship International new ventures - internalization, growth Thesis - 1

Entrepreneurship International new ventures - internalization, growth path, Measutement - Thesis Example Logitech and Skype are two firms that started out as international new ventures. Logitech and Skype are selected for case studies because they both represent the opportunities accorded international entrepreneurs and at the same time represent two different types of opportunities and risks taken and how those risks pay off and can be detrimental to international entrepreneurs. In this regard, Logitech represents how risks in international entrepreneurships can be profitable and Skype represents how risks can actually be detrimental to international new ventures. The results of this study confirm both network and internationalization theories. These results are discussed and implications for theory and practice are also discussed. Studies on international firms often focus on multi-national enterprises (MNE) which usually begin as large and powerful domestic firms that eventually branch out into the international arena (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994). However, advances in technology and an increase in the number of individuals with experience in international business have opened up opportunities for non-traditional MNEs (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994). Since the 1990s, there have been a significant and progressive growth in the number of ‘new and young firms’ that join the international market from the start (McDougall, Oviatt, & Shrader, 2003, p. 59). This trend in internationalisation from the start is known as International New Ventures (INV) (McDougall, et al., 2003). Researchers have attempted to understand why new firms which are comparatively small, would assume the additional ‘risk’ of venturing directly into the international market (McDougall, et al., 2003, p. 60). Traditional international business theories fail to provide a framework for analysing and understanding why international entrepreneurs venture out into the global market place from inception. This is because traditional international

Latin music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Latin music - Essay Example This "Latin music" essay describes such musical style as bossa nova. The bossa nova music became a new style that combined samba and jazz pulses in which the complexity of the two was converted into another type of â€Å"stuttering† beat as many music lovers realized from Gilberto’s guitar. It is amazing because the songs were mainly casual and refined, yet infused with an attractive and catching swing. It is also clear that Gilberto sang the lyrics with a personal touch, warm, and whispering tone that made the melodies flow calmly. On his part, Jobim reinforced the amazing melodies with uniform harmonies, which can only compare to the pulses found in today’s classical jazz music. In essence, bossa nova recurring and harmonic productivity was created articulately in a sophisticated simplified manner that was extraordinary in the music industry at the time (Henry 57). In the height of 1960s, bossa nova appeared in American society even though it was indirectly. In reality, the film â€Å"Orfeu Negro† which denoted Black Orpheus based on the trends of bossa nova won a Grand Prize in the Cannes Film Festival acclaiming glory. This is because the song â€Å"Manha de Carnival† was the theme melody for the movie while Samba as well as bossa nova became the chief rhythms that it adopted. In this respect, bossa nova became instantly popular in the international scene and most of the composers of the song were widely known from this performance. Bossa nova attracted many musicians especially in America to introduce the rhythms in American Jazz. It was in this respect that â€Å"Girl from Ipanema† was composed and it became a popular and endowed song across the world (Henry 58). Instruments that Accompany Bossa Nova One of the most important instruments in bossa nova music is classical guitar, which mainly picks on the nylon-string using bare fingers and not a pick or coin. For a clean and clear sound, it requires unaccompanied g uitar combined with intrinsic vocals as Joao Gilberto diligently demonstrated them. The guitar is crucial even when performing jazz like collections for groups so that it is played to

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music - Essay Example The group’s song â€Å"I’m Gonna Sing Till the Spirit moves† is one best example of their song which has uplifted the spirits of the many. The song is in â€Å"a capella†. Just the soft yet powerful voices of the singers can be heard. They just used their own voice, blended their tone qualities with each other and produced accompanying sounds making the song more effective and interesting to hear. The overall structure of the song is very solemn. In fact, this song can be sung inside the church. Listeners, like me, can even imagine to serious faces of the singers giving all their hearts and soul while singing the song. The mode and/or tone is very emphatic. It is as if the singers are directly talking with each listener. But despite this, listeners can enjoy every lyric of the song. I even noticed myself tapping my fingers and silently humming the song. Indeed the title of this song is very apt with its content and melody. It will not take too much of the time of the singers in singing the song because the listeners’ spirits will surely be moved in less than a time. Brownie McGhee & Sonny Terry were two famous soloists during the early 1930’s. But these two tried sharing their music together and their fans loved them more for this move. Brownie was a superb and smooth guitarist and singer, while Sonny was known for his able playing of his harp and voice quality which is in a rough country style complete with whoops and hollers. Sonnys solo "Mountain Blues" from the 1938 Spirituals to Swing concert was one of his finest recordings and was sung completely in falsetto. Nearly blind since childhood Sonny had almost always played music, at first on street corners and later in recording studios with Blind Boy Fuller. Sonny met his partner of many, Brownie McGhee. Together they became the folk-blues musicians - recording and gigging with people like Lead belly, Woody

Summary of College Pressure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of College Pressure - Essay Example The primary goal has become that they should pursue courses that would lead them towards a life of financial and economic security. Majors that Zinsser has described as ‘pre-rich’ become the primary choice of students yet it fails to yield a definite answer on why they take them. He illustrated specific examples wherein students put more emphasis on the aesthetics of their transcript. The value that is placed on being appealing on paper and how they often overexert effort to achieve all of these as a clear sign of peer pressure. There is concurrently the matter of the parents, whether advertently or inadvertently, putting pressure on their children in the hopes that they get better careers for their financial security. It is a common occurrence that the parents choose for their children in view that they are wiser because they are older. Failing is not an option and planning is the key. Despite all of these, the author specifies the good points of today’s generation. He points out that they are kind and they are accommodating to people. They often juggle interests with their studies but in turn may only aggravate pressures. In essence, he hopes for a better college experience where ‘getting ahead’ is not the end-all and be-all of these students lives. Zinsser mentioned how most of those he knew got into where they are not exactly on a perpendicular way but through hurdles. â€Å"That there is no one "right" way to get ahead -- that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination† (Zinsser, par. 40). Rather, that they sit back and consider that detours are integral part of

John Locke Essay Essay Example for Free

John Locke Essay Essay Our Earth has been the home to a multitude of great thinkers. These thinkers were scattered throughout the generations from the Romans all the way to the 20th century; however, the time period with the most philosophers was the Enlightenment Age. During this time there were many thinkers such as Voltaire and Thomas Hobbes. One thinker in particular who contributed a great deal to history was John Locke. His work is still influencing the lives of people across the world 300 years later. He rethought the moral role of government, created a new theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights. The combination of these four things made him the single most influential philosopher during the Enlightenment Age, and even in history. During the 1600s-1700s, John Locke lived on this earth, observing how society functioned. He saw thinks very differently than the average person. Unlike many others, he used logic and reason in order to see the flaws of government. The government at the time was incredibly corrupt and unfair to the people. Taxes made the lives of 98% of the population miserable and insufferable. Locke could even be considered a humanist for his actions. He felt the people deserved a fair government that served them as appose to the people serving the government. According to Locke, â€Å"political power is the natural power of each man collectively given up into the hands of a designated body†1. In a more general sense, he created the social contract. Most people recognize this theory as the social contract because it is an agreement between government and its people. All people are born with their natural rights. The idea of the social contract is a community surrenders some degree of its natural rights in favor of government, which is better able to protect those rights than any man could alone. Protection is one of the greatest services any government can provide. People will enjoy living under a certain ruler if he or she can keep them safe. The quality of life is generally much higher when there is no constant fear of attack from a neighbor. The idea of the government providing protection had been around before, but Locke included the idea that government exists solely for the well being of the community. He stressed to the people that any government that breaks the contract can and should be replaced. Gradually, people began to process this idea and realized that Locke was right. They were the ones that should have the power, not the government. The people were unhappy with the way they were being treated, but they did not know what to do about it so they continued suffering. Locke gave them an instruction manual by saying, â€Å"the community has a moral obligation to revolt against or otherwise replace any government that forgets that it exists only for the people’s benefit†2. This struck true to many people because they were unhappy. It also gave reason for the government to be reasonable and not do anything outrageous. More power was given to the people and the days of absolute rule would no longer exist. One of Locke’s other contributions that was considered revolutionary was creating a new way theory of knowledge. Locke believed that knowledge was only gained through worldliness. He told people that experiences caused them to learn. One famous this he argued is that, â€Å"at birth the mind is a tabula rasa†3. Tabula rasa translates to â€Å"clean slate†. Essentially, everyone is born without knowledge and over time they become wiser and smarter. This was revolutionary because previously no one had every stopped to think about how knowledge was gained other than schooling. Locke was the first to think that people were born without any knowledge. He emphasized the five senses as well. Humans fill their clean slate with ideas and experience in the world through their five senses. There are many varying definitions of knowledge, but John Locke is the most accurate. Locke defines knowledge as â€Å"the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form†4. Since our knowledge is derived from our experiences, it means our knowledge is limited. Not everyone can know everything since not one single person can experience everything this earth has to offer in one lifetime. This also means that everyone’s knowledge varies and no two people have the same exact knowledge since everyone’s experiences are different. Locke also notes that there is a great deal of unknown on this world and there always will be. This observation still is true today because there is a great deal of uncertainty in today’s society. He is also still influential because he taught us to question those uncertain areas. As a continuation, he agrees that there are certain things that we are certain of. One example that Locke uses is the certainty of our own existence and the existence of God even tough we may not fully comprehend who or what he was5. Another very complex theory that he had relating to the idea of knowledge was our ideas are related to reality. He said that, â€Å"our ideas correspond to external realities because the mind cannot invent such things without experience†6. The idea of knowledge was vague but Locke defined it in a very detailed and simple way for the average person to comprehend. This idea that our ideas are relates to reality because our mind cannot invent things without experience caused people a greater understanding of how their mind worked and encouraged them to experience more in their lives. John Locke is known for many contributions to society but one of his most influential was his inception of reason. He thought that every person had a purpose in life and that was to find truth. In believing this he encouraged people that God gave us our capacity for reason to aid us in the search for truth. Since Lock believed in a clean mind at birth, he also believed that people were born innocent. Innocence in his mind is eventually inevitably lost trough experience. That innocence disappears and creates knowledge. Locke wanted people to understand and think for themselves rather than follow their leaders blindly. He also considered truthful that, â€Å"each person has a duty to preserve other people as well as himself †¦ recognizing the responsibility to preserve the rights of all humankind naturally leads to tolerance†7. This idea directly leads to his idea of separation of church and state. To him, government had absolutely no right to impose itself people. The fact of the matter was that the government and state were one body. This gave them significant power to do anything they pleased. Locke was one of the very first to question governments over oppression. All men control their bodies and their minds so no other individual should try and control it. Also how â€Å"men naturally exist in a state of nature and so he needs to answer only to the laws of nature†8. The majority of leaders at the time were extremely unhappy with how Locke was influencing the general public. Ironically, now many leaders such as the president of the United States follow many of his beliefs. Locke also influenced the American Constitution when his ideas reached over seas. Early Americans saw the power of his theories such as the social contract and more importantly using reason. People wanted to be granted the same friends and eventually received them. Henry Ford once said, â€Å"thinking is the hardest work there is and that is why so few engage in it†. This quote is why John Locke is the greatest thinker and philosopher of all time. He devoted his life to changing not only the way people thought, but how they viewed life forever. No man has had a greater impact that him. Locke rethought the moral role of government, created a new way theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights. The combination of these four things is simply what made him such an indelible man. Sources 1. Uzgalis, William, Uzgalis,. John Locke. Stanford University. Stanford University, 02 Sept. 2001. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. 2. Locke, John. The Second Treatise on Civil Government. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1986. Print. 3. Aaron, Richard I. John Locke. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971. Print. 4. Berlin, Isaiah. The Age of Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979. Print. 5. Locke, John, and John Locke. The Second Treatise of Government; And, A Letter concerning Toleration. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002. Print.

The Agenda Setting And Spiral Of Silence Media Essay

The Agenda Setting And Spiral Of Silence Media Essay Alan Crosbie, who is the Chairman of Thomas Crosbie Holdings, a large Irish media player said in his speech  commented on new media there is a tsunami of information coming from new media some of which has the capacity to destroy civil society and cause unimaginable suffering. Let us try and understand why Media holds so much power. Significantly Media has had a dominating influence over peoples lives and opinions since time immemorial. A classic example of convincing people of ones beliefs was during the Nazi Regime. The entire nation was convinced of the Nazi ideologies through getting the entire media channels either under the governments control or having censorship rights over the privately owned ones. This resulted in patriotic and nationalistic sentiments being instilled in songs, movies and even the news was censored to suit the ideology of the Nazis. The world as we see and know of around us is through the media and is hence is a second-hand reality portrayed to us by the media owners of the society. This becomes highly ominous in face of the fact that the entire world media is owned by about 9 Conglomerates only. Hence when there is a plethora of news bytes available, the news that reaches us is what the Media channels think newsworthy. And this is just a percentage of the world news that is present around us. This ability to influence which issues, persons and topics are perceived as the most important of the day is called the agenda-setting role of the mass media McCombs, 2004. The origin of the Agenda Setting Theory happened when Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw (1972), professors at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill used the presidential elections of the United States of America in 1968 as a live study to investigate the relationship if existed between the important issues of the public and that between the priority issues of the mass media.   McCombs and Shaw were able to determine the degree to which the media, in Bernard Cohens words, tell us [(the public)] what to think about. Agenda setting theory has two levels to it. The magnitude of media coverage the particular article gets How the article or object in question has been covered First Level Agenda deals with the issues present on the public, political and media domain. This is the most important area of the agenda setting research where media is seen as a highly influencing factor to the public and political issues. Second level agenda setting is more closer to framing. McCombs in his study discussed how second level agenda setting is more specific to the attributes that define the object in question. Balmas and Sheafer (2010) argued that the focus at the first level agenda-setting which emphasizes medias role in telling us what to think about is shifted to medias function of telling us how to think about at the second level agenda-setting. The similarity between second level agenda setting and framing is that they both are related with how a particular issue is portrayed, with mildness or with sensationalization. They are generic and not the issue or object specific. However they differ on the account of intensity, since framing is a higher degree or an ext ension of second level agenda setting. Spiral of Silence Spiral of Silence originates from understanding the Asch experiment (1958) and the Milgram experiment (1963). Asch experiment was a study on conformity. This basically measures how much other people get pressurized into changing their opinion or falling in line when people more powerful or in more volume than them do so. Other reasons for conforming are to not be isolated from the mass and be liked by their peer groups. The Milgram experiment tested the effects of punishment and hence understood the concepts of Obedience and Authority. These experiments prove that mass or volume opinions have a huge impact on individual opinions. The Spiral of Silence theory was created by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1974). Public opinion is the dominant opinion which compels compliance of attitude and behavior in that it threatens the dissenting individual with isolation and the politician with loss of support. In the words of  its  originator  Elisabeth  Noelle-Neumann: observations  made  in one context the  mass  media spread to  another  and  encouraged  people  either  to proclaim  their  views  or to  swallow  them  and  keep  quite  until ,in a  spiraling  process,  the one  view dominated  the  public  scene  and  the  other  disappeared  from  public  awareness as  its  adherents  became mute  ,  this  is the  process  that  can be  called  a  spiral  of  silence. This basically emphasizes on how when an individual feels they are in a minority, out of numerous fears and insecurities, they feel it better to be a part of the popular and mass opinion and hence an issue even if relevant if doesnt have anything to do with the majority will spiral into silence. The silence of a person, who differs from the majority, spirals upwards thus forcing other people to stay silent. theory09a-789436.gif Strengths Explains why the people remain silent when they find themselves to be the minority. Explains the influence created by media over the crucial issues. Explains why people prefer to withhold their true feelings. Rather than take the risk of being isolated Explains how the spirals of silence solve the societal conflicts. Limitations Does not apply completely to the field of media as the aspects of fear of isolation reprisal does not hold true in the virtual world. Questions the transparency in quantifying the majority the minority. Co-relation between Agenda Setting and Spiral of Silence According to Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, the spiral of silence and the agenda setting theory go hand in hand. She believed that media plays a major role in forming public opinions. Therefore the masses shape their opinions in accordance with the media and according to her, media is the strongest bridge between these two theories. We can support the above point with the help of an example. During the Nazi period, Hitler was convinced that German race is far superior than anyone else on this planet. He made an extensive use of the media tools available at that time to convince the people about the same. Some people believed this but there were a lot of them who did not believe in this concept of German superiority. Although they did not believe, none of them raised their voice because of the fear of the Nazi regime and the fear of isolation. They convinced this case. Examples of Agenda Setting Theory The role of media in shaping public opinion about The Iraq War The marketing effort by the Bush administration to gain support for the invasion of Iraq began to get into full swing by the fall of 2002. When Condolezza Rice, then National Security Advisor to the President, was asked a question on the case of preemptive war in a CNN interview, she said- We know that he [Saddam] has the infrastructure, nuclear scientists to make a nuclear weapon. And we know that when the inspectors assessed this after the Gulf War, he was far, far closer to a crude nuclear device than anybody thought, maybe six months from a crude nuclear deviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There will always be some uncertainty about how quickly he can acquire nuclear weapons. But we dont want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud. Even the President made similar remarks about Saddams WMD program less than a month later on 7th October, 2002, America must not ignore the threat gathering against us. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot wait for the final proof-the smoking gun-that could come in the form of a mushroom cloud. These and other such statements marked the beginning of what the Center for Public Integrity called, false statements, in their 2008 report titled, Iraq-The War Card: Orchestrated Deception on the Path to War. The number of false reports increased tremendously towards the end of 2002 and the beginning of 2003, so did the general perception about Saddams nuclear program, suggesting a strong case for media agenda-setting. Future of Agenda Setting Theory With the introduction of the horizontal media and the internet, people have the option of following what they want without anyone forcing an opinion on them. The change in the technology and media has led to several changes in the agenda setting theory. This change is called as Agenda Mending which talks about the personal agendas of individuals vis-à  -vis their community and group affiliations  . This means that individuals join groups and blend their agendas with the agendas of the group.   Criticisms Agenda Setting Theory does not take into account the personal interests of an individual. Any issue considered salient by the media does not necessarily has to be important for the people. This theory uses a very scientific approach, therefore its not able to stand the test of scrutiny as humans are very unpredictable.

Muhammed Ali :: essays research papers

â€Å"Fly like a butterfly, Sting like a bee.† This is what the man did, and what he was good at. Mohammed Ali was the first man to ever win the heavyweight title three times, and had a very impressing boxing career. But Mohammed Ali was not only an impressive boxer, but he brought about social change in his own way as well. First, he has contributed extensively to the Muslim religion, for one by joining it, along with other contributions. Secondly, with his speaking out against the war in Vietnam and refusing the draft, he was the first public figure to speak out against the war and not go to fight. Thirdly, there was his flamboyant and perceived arrogance he was probably the worlds first modern sports star. Mohammed Ali was indeed a great person who brought about significant social change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His contributions to the Muslim religion were indeed significant. First with his joining of the Muslim religion, came more recognition of the religion. Also Ali becoming a practicing Muslim minister helped the religion become more recognized. He also reached out to third world countries as a diplomat in an attempt to bring peace, which is of the spirit Muslim Religion. But most of all his practicing of peace and not joining in the fight against the Vietcong, despite the drawn out legal battle and obvious resistance to this decision, was the greatest demonstration of his devotion to the Muslim religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mohammed Ali received much resistance for his beliefs, and even more resistance for his eventual refusal to be drafted into the army to fight in Vietnam. As soon as this got out he was stripped of his title, and all of his boxing licenses. Along with obvious resentment from the general public came a long drawn out legal battle, but he stuck to his guns, umm in a manner of speaking. During his exile from boxing he spoke against the war at colleges and various other places in order to make money, this made him the first public figure to speak against the war in Vietnam. His conscientious objector claim eventually won his fight against the Supreme Court (not a literal fight of course), and he was again free to fight. Giving him freedom once again to be the crazy superstar boxer he was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As many people already know Ali was a very boastful man, and he was very often capable to back up his boasts.

Science :: essays research papers

Addition of Torques Objective:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To ascertain equilibrium of the meter stick. Doing so by finding missing variables consisting of torque, length, weight and mass. Record all results and compare to calculated results. Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Lab part A) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A fiberglass meter stick is to be used. Suspend this meter stick using string. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang 100 gram weight from the meter stick with a string a the 10 cm point on the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Move the loop that suspends the meter stick left or right horizontally until the meter stick balances. (with the 100 g weight still attached at the 10 cm point) Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Lab part B) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Place a string at 65 cm to support the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find the torque produced by the off centered string support by hanging weights on the shorter end of the meter stick to make it balance. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Take found torque and calculate mass to be placed at the 15 cm mark in order to balance the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang weights to meter stick at the 15 cm location until the meter stick acquires equilibrium to prove your calculations. Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Lab part C) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suspend a meter stick with string placed at the 65 cm point. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang 100 grams of weight at the 45 cm mark, and 500 grams at the 90 cm mark on the meter stick. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hang 200 grams of weight between 0 – 45 cm mark and move this weight until equilibrium is achieved. Record this measurement. Data Part A:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mass of weight (m-2) = 100 grams Position string balanced = 36.4 cm Distance from center of meter stick to balance point. (L-1) = 13.6 cm Distance from balance point to suspended weight. (L-2) = 26.4 cm Mass of meter stick. (at center gravity) m1 = m2 (L1/ L2) Therefore: m1 = 100 (26.4/13.6) m1 = 100(1.94111) m1 = 194.1176 grams (mass of the meter stick) Data Part B:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Found natural torque (off set support string) = t = fl 85 grams placed at 100 cm balanced the off set support string at 65 cm. Therefore: t = 85 * (100 – 65) t = 2975 Total torque of right side of support string: t = 90cm – 65cm (500 g) t = 12,500 Then we calculated the left side torque: t = 65cm – 40cm (100g) t = 2500   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Then we took the right torque and subtracted the left torque: 9525 – 2500 = 7025 (this is the missing force on the left side) Missing torque 7025 = 50cm ( ? ) 7025/50 = 140.5grams Calculate weight to be placed at 15cm. = 140.5 grams Data Part C:

Countrywide Financial

Countrywide Financial: The Subprime Meltdown Course:| MAN3065| | Team or Group #:| 8| Date submitted:| 02/27/13| Reference#:| 726077| | Term:| 2012-2| | Days:| M & W| | Time:| 7:05pm – 8:20pm| | Prof: | Hoa N. Burrows, CPA| Countrywide Financial: The Subprime Meltdown Questions: 1. Are subprime loans an unethical financial instrument, or are they ethical tools that were misused? We believed subprime loans are ethical tools that were misused.Subprime loans involve â€Å"lending to borrowers, generally people who would not qualify for traditional loans, at a rate higher than the prime rate† (Ferrell et al 385) meaning that it is a financial instrument in which borrowers benefit from accessing capital that otherwise would have been denied to them, and financial institutions benefit from charging a higher interest. What made subprime loans so attractive was the fact that it enabled low-income individuals and minorities (no qualifies for regular loans) to have access to home ownership.In the right hands, in the right time, a subprime loan could signify an important tool for different minorities to improve the quality of their lives by obtaining financing for more than just home mortgages but also school tuition, for example (Iacono). However, as the Countrywide Financial case illustrates, there is wide misuse of this tool by institutions that engage in indiscriminate lending for the sake of short-term profits at the risk of major financial downturn, as in the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Ferrell et al 388) Moreover, while lending money to low-income and minority families justifies a higher interest rate due to the risk of debt default, lending money to families that would very unlikely be in the capacity to fully repay their mortgage is a threat to both the financial institution – who would had lost the invested money – and the borrowers who would be forced to face foreclosure; but even more threatening were the endless securities backed on these subprime loans, whose real risk were only known by Countrywide Financial.By deciding to lend money indiscriminately, this company ended up misusing a financial instrument that would have otherwise brought on progress for its customers and the company itself. 2. Discuss the ethical issues that caused the downfall of Countrywide Financial Different ethical issues caused the downfall of Countrywide Financial including unethical actions of both the company and the borrowers. Firstly, Countrywide Financial misused the adjustable rate mortgage (ARM): Borrowers were told that they would not get negatively affected with an increasing interest rate as the value of their property would increase accordingly.Nonetheless, when the recession came many of these borrowers discovered they were unable to pay. (Ferrell et al 386). Secondly, between many of the accusations against Countrywide, two of the main ones were that â€Å"real estate appraisers began to inflate the value of homes to ens ure that loans would go through. † (Ferrell et al 387), and that they had a special VIP discount mortgage programs for high-end well qualified individuals who had no need for discounts, called â€Å"Friends of Angelo†, Angelo Mozilo’s – Countrywide Financial CEO -friends including Senator Charles E. Schumer and Representative Henry A.Waxman. (Ferrell et al 390) Fourthly, Countrywide Financial was negligent in knowingly â€Å"giving out highly risky loans to people who could not afford them for the sake of quick profit† (Ferrell et al 389) which also brought out the question of whether the company was also involved in predatory lending – misleading its borrowers. (Ferrell et al 389) On the other hand, borrower’s actions were also unethical as it was proven they were dishonest in their loan applications: â€Å"90% of liar loan applicants knowingly overstated their income, with three out of five overstating it by at least 50%. However th is fact only seems to prove that Countrywide was helping borrowers falsifying information in order to secure the loan. (Ferrell et al 389) 3. How should Bank of America deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct discovered at Countrywide Having acquired Countrywide Financial’s debt and bad reputation, Bank of America should focus on disconnecting itself from previous affiliates that were a part of the former company during their financial meltdown, such as ex CEO Angelo Mozilo, ex COO David Sambol, and ex CFO Sieracki (Ferrell et al 392).In addition to this they should make sure that the required information is being promptly provided to pertaining authorities. Moreover, Bank of America should ensure that a proper risk management policy is set up, continuing as well with programs to ease loan terms and prevent borrowers from losing their homes, such as the Countrywide Comprehensive Home Preservation Program which helped consumers refinance their debt. Ferrell et al 388) In conclusion, Bank of America should continue with their current actions whilst making sure the authorities are getting the information necessary to reach the bottom of what really happened at Countrywide Financial, and thus prevent this situation from ever happening again. . Works Cited Ferrell, O. C. , John Fraedrich and Linda Ferrell. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason: South-Western, 2011. Iacono, Tim. â€Å"Iacono Research†. One-Third of Student Loans Are Subprime Loans. 04 02 2013. 22 02 2013 .

Poverty in America Essay

Poverty has always been with us from beggars outside the gates of Jerusalem to the mentally ill homeless woman in the park. America is known for our huge difference in culture and class. This is due partly to the dynamics behind the political decisions of this country. The president himself admits that America is more unequal than it’s been since the great depression and many of his own supporters say he has failed. America now has, by many standards, the lowest social mobility of all of the high-end countries, meaning that a child born into poverty is likely to grow up as a poor adult. This is surprising for a country that not only prides itself as being a middle class society, but as the society where anyone can make it and where social mobility is so high. In some places now, it is hard to believe that America is an economic giant. â€Å"One in four young children lives in poverty in the richest nation on earth.† (Kindle, 2012) This is a fact that goes unnoticed by m ost Americans. Poverty in America has become a circular phenomenon and it has been shown to affect certain communities while it breezes by others. The Poverty Line â€Å"Some 46 million Americans live in poverty. That is the third highest poverty rate among developed nations, ahead only of Turkey and Mexico.† (Kindle, 2012) We might then ask, what is poverty? Where is the poverty line? For 63% of Americans, ages 16 and over, working is a necessity. From working entry level jobs in retail and fast food, jobs in manufacturing and farming, to banking and health care. These similarities, however, end there. This becomes quite apparent especially when it comes to hours worked and their compensation. For example, the average entry level wage in New Mexico is $8.02 an hour or $16,673 a year, before taxes. As opposed to an experienced worker or a college educated one, $22.93 an hour or $47,692 a year. This is lower than the national level of $17,867 annual for an entry level job and $66,248 for the experienced and educated. Unfortunately there are some that work as many hours and are paid less. Since 1938, there has been a federal law requiring employers to pay their employees a minimum wage. It was 25 cents. (Williamson, 1980) In 1938, the gap between nominal wages and real wages was quite wide compared to now where they are fairly close to each  other and it is predicted they will mirror each other in the near future. Currently in California, the state minimum is $8.00, which is not a lot considering the rising cost of food, housing, and energy. According to 2008 Federal Poverty Guidelines, a family of 4 making $21,200 before taxes is considered to be poor. (Iceland, 2012) There are social programs that are set up to help people in this predicament; however, it does not help them get out of the circumstance. â€Å"The average food stamp benefit is $21 per week.† (Kindle, 2012) This is not nearly enough to support your average American. The aid programs are set up to get the poor by on a day to day basis and are not set up to improve their social mobility. There should be money spent on programs that allow those in poverty to improve their education and careers. What makes people poor? Is it lack of opportunities? Is it lack of education and skills training? Is racism and sexism? There are a wide variety of opinions on why people are poor. There is a sense of ignorance when bringing to attention the issue to those unaffected. Those that are unaffected could help but they do not know which way will help not only with th e poor today but to decrease the poverty in the future. What is surprising is that a lack of education opportunities is often mentioned as reasons for poverty. According to the US department of education, 9.3% of the 37 million students ages 16-24 are high school drop outs. This is ironic considering that public high school is available to all. It seems creating jobs is the consensus and it makes sense especially when you look at the unemployment rate. Nationally the unemployment rate is 6.1%. What is the reason for this number? The loss of non government jobs, mainly in the manufacturing sector. This had a domino effect to other businesses like retail and construction. In the past years, we’ve heard how the economy is on the verge of collapse and this is the worst since the great depression of the 1930s. (Ross, 1967) We have a long way before we are in a depression. In 1935 the unemployment rate was the highest at 24.9% in 1959 it was 5.5% the highest since that time was at 1982 at 10.8% We are not close to another depression but we do have extreme poverty amongst us. Poverty in America has been rapidly growing in the past decade because of poor political decisions. There is an extreme divide between the social classes in America. Most people belong to the 99%. The 1% is some of the richest people in the word and has cornered the market. They own 1/3 of US net worth. The  US has over 400 billionaires, which is the most in the world. (GAO, 2007) Lack of money is not the reason for the extreme poverty rates in America, greed is. There is definitely enough money to go around the US multiple times but no one wants to help those in need. There is this sense of survival of the fittest that is an ongoing theme when looking into poverty here. Race and Class Segregation America is deeply divided. We can agree that poverty is more pervasive among minorities, children, female-headed families and people with less education. It has been shown through true statistics that there is a definite inequality between race and class when dealing with poverty in America. But why is American poverty still colored in the twenty-fifth century? Neighborhoods that are organized around work where significant percentage of the adults is working are significantly different from neighborhoods that are jobless, which are neighborhoods that include a significant percentage of people that are not working. Jobless neighborhoods are a lot more dangerous because they create and breed other problems like crime, gang formation, and drug trafficking. (Iceland, 2012) This leads back to the continuing issue with America’s lack of social mobility. It seems that once one person is in poverty, it becomes a vicious cycle and no one is willing to do anything to help. That’s why poverty is passed down to the same races and the same classes because they get stuck in that predicament. There are 50 million Americans without health insurance. (Iceland, 2012) This does not help our problem with poverty. America is a country that deals with problems as they come and never with preventing them. Those that are born into a poor family almost always end up the head of a poor family. This fact has shaped America and has almost made it impossible for those that are born into less fortunate homes. Dealing with Poverty The facts are as stands; if a person was to walk down the streets in any which neighborhood in America, 1 out of every 6 people passed could be living in poverty. This issue is rarely talked about for these outstanding numbers. Each year the number of poverty in America goes up. The new poor  are the former middle class, and the middle class is disintegrating. There are becoming only two classes; a lower class and a higher class. Bottom line; America needs to reverse the cycle. Through education and assistance programs, America will be able to close the gap between the two classes. Recent unemployment rates have dropped slightly and the economy is showing some signs of growth but only some Americans are gaining from it. Almost a million American children sometimes go hungry and tent cities are springing up across the country. The world’s economic power house has a sickness. While both sides blame each other, America cannot fully admit their poverty, and are certainly not dea ling with it. Annotated Bibliography Iceland, JohnPoverty in America: A Handbook, with a 2012 Preface. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2012. This book allowed me to understand better poverty in America. It focuses on early views of poverty in America and where the poverty in America originated. This book also describes the causes and characteristics of poverty as well as why poverty remains high in America. I chose this book so that I would have a timeline of poverty from the beginning as well as poverty now. I would be able to compare and contrast the social and economical times between then and now. I will compare the different ethnicities in America and compare the different ways that they have been affected by poverty over the years. Kindle, Peter A. â€Å"Book Review of So Rich, So Poor: Why It’s So Hard to End Poverty in America by Peter Edelman Edelman, Peter. 2012. So Rich, So Poor: Why It’s So Hard to End Poverty in America. New York: The New Press. $24.95, 208 Pp., Hardcover. ISBN: 978-1-59558-785-5.† Poverty & Public Policy 4.4 (2012): 241-43. Print. This is a journal that gave me facts about poverty in America. I was able to link the problems with true statistics and use them in my paper. I found this journal to be very helpful when deliberating what should be in my paper and not. It was easier to read than the books and really got me interested in the topic. Ross, Arthur M., and Herbert Hill. Employment, Race, and Poverty. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967. Print. This book talks about the employment,  race, and poverty in America and gives me statistics that are quotable for my paper. It is important to figure out how all these three aspect tie together and it allows me to relate race to poverty in America. This books also paints a picture of what it is like to be unemployed, a minority, and in poverty in America throughout many decades. I will use this source to also explain the unemployment issue and how the unemployed got to where they are and how it affects their families. I will talk about the vicious cycle of the unemployed and how it will almost always be passed down to their children and what other types of issues (jail time, drug dealing, etc) are caused because of the unemployment of certain classes. â€Å"The Other America, 2012: Confronting the Poverty Epidemic | The Nation.† The Other America, 2012: Confronting the Poverty Epidemic | The Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. This site helped me to form my conclusion. It allowed me to formulate my thoughts and wrap up my ideas. I was able to see how other people looked at poverty and what their stance was on the issue. I also used this site to add some facts to my paper and get more of an emotional effect with my word play. United States. Government Accountability Office. Poverty in America: Economic Research Shows Adverse Impacts on Health Status and Other Social Conditions as Well as the Economic Growth Rate: Report to Congressional Requesters. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2007. Economic research suggests that people living in poverty face an increased risk of adverse outcomes, such as poor health and criminal activity, both of which may lead to reduced participation in the labor market. It also shows that limited access to health care as well as a greater exposure to environmental hazards affects the heath of those living in poverty. I will use this book to examine the effects that poverty has on issues like health, social conditions, and growth rate. The previous book allowed me to examine exactly what poverty is and this book will allow me to see the affects the poverty has had over time. I would like to go over the economic growth rate and see what ethnicities have su ffered the most and which have substantially improved, if any. Williamson, Jeffrey G., and Peter H. Lindert. American Inequality: A Macroeconomic History. New York: Academic, 1980. Print. This book solely focuses on the history of the inequality of class and race in America. The information found in this book will start my paper off with facts about how the poverty came to be what it is today. American inequality  is highlighted in this book and we are able to see where the inequality started and how it is currently affecting America. It is important to explain the macroeconomic history of America for the readers to get an idea of how the inequality in America originally started Revision Plan I. Thesis: I changed the focus of my thesis to relate more to the lack of social mobility in my paper. I felt that it was the basis of my paper and what I was most interested in. My thesis originally was not very powerful but after using Pearson’s writing guide I was able to change my words around and create more of a strong stance. II. Organization: My paper was completely unorganized. It is hard for me to organize my thoughts and to better blend my ideas. I had to make index cards and organize them that way in order to figure out the best order of my ideas. III. Support and Development of Ideas: Adding quotes helped better support my ideas. It added facts to what I already had and also helped with smoothing out my ideas. IV. Style: I changed the style of my paper from MLA to APA. I had never done a paper in APA but it made sense to use this format because we were told to include an abstract and an author’s note which followed the guidelines of an APA style paper. It was different but it turned out to look a lot cleaner than the MLA. V. Mechanics: Using the Pearson writing components really helped develop my paper. I knew what to focus on and what was unimportant in the process. I tried to make the issue clear by painting a picture with my words to help better understand the points I was trying to make.

High-Risk Family Assessment and Health Promotion Essay

High-Risk Families A high-risk family is a family unit that is at an increased risk for emotional, intellectual, or developmental problem because of the type of environment or circumstances that is occurring within the family unit. Adults and children that are involved in these high-risk family units are at a higher risk to develop problems, both physically and emotionally. There are many indicators for early detection of risk factors: neighborhood environment, poverty, poor kept homes, characteristics of adults present in the home, marital problems, and child neglect. There are many programs and interventions that can be implemented to try to change the negative effects and ensure a positive outcome within the family unit. History of Teen Pregnancy According to Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale (1989), in an article titled Teenaged Pregnancy and Childbearing, teen pregnancy did not become prevalent until the 1960s. Two changes occurred contributing to the increase in teenage pregnancies: 1.) an increase in sexual activity of young girls and 2.) a decrease in the number of teenage marriages. By the 1980s over half of white females and three-fourths of black females were sexually active by the age of 18 (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). Contraception was not regularly used when having sexual relations, and many of these females became pregnant during their teen years. Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale (1989), also continue to say that compared to the number of unmarried teenage females in 1950 the females of 1980s were two-thirds white and almost 97% black single females. Also, 40% of these teenage pregnancies would end with abortion, and that the younger teenagers would have more abortions. A pre gnant teenager has many decisions to make regarding her future: 1.) future schooling 2.) relationship with the  baby’s father 3.) family’s support 4.) peer’s support. Summary of the Health Profile of a Pregnant Teen The risk of some teenagers getting pregnant is high in some circumstances. There are many life situations that place teenage girls at a risk of becoming pregnant. These may include poor school performance, sexual abuse, poverty, being raised by a single parent household, having a mother who was an teenager mother, or having a sister who has become pregnant at a young age. According to Saewyc, Magee & Pettingell, (2004) the risk of a teenager getting pregnant is increased if that teenager has been sexually abused. The pregnancy is because they have been sexually abused they have a feeling of powerlessness which can lead to impairment when it comes to using a contraceptive (Saewyc, Magee & Pettingell, 2004). Also, if the teenager has been sexually abused then they may have a higher chance of substance abuse and running away from home (Saewyc, Magee & Pettingell, 2004). Substance abuse can lead the risk for multiple partners, unprotected sex, and turning to sex work in order to support their habit. Many teenagers feel that they are under pressure to have sexual relations. Peer pressure, bullying, and teasing by friends can lead to sexual intercourse at a much earlier age. Also, being allowed to date at an early age can lead to pregnancy, especially if the individual they are sleeping with refuses to use contraception. There are many social and cultural changes that have occurred regarding dating. Getting to know a person over a long period, or courting, is no longer part of dating. Couples now move onto physical relationships much quicker, and sex is part of the relationship. Poor education and low achievement levels in school can lead to unwanted pregnancies. Teenagers who drop out of school are more likely to become pregnant and not complete their education. Teens that get pregnant tend to come from more disadvantaged families than those who do not become pregnant. Being of lower income contributes to a low hope of possible financial success which usually leads to choices of short-term contentment, having a  baby while they are young and unmarried. Orem’s Self-Care Model Dorothea Orem published the Concepts of Nursing in 1971 and the sixth publication in 2001. According to Sitzman & Eichelberger, (2011), â€Å"Orem’s Self-Care Model describes a structure where the nurse assists the client, as needed, to maintain an adequate level of self-care. The degree of nursing care and interventions depend on the degree to which the client is able (or unable) to meet self-care needs† (p. 96). Orem’s general theory is in three parts: 1.) theory of self-care 2.) theory of self-care deficit 3.) theory of nursing system (Chitty, 2005, p. 283). The theory of self-care focuses on patient’s self-care capacities. The theory of self-care deficits specifies when nursing care is needed. Orem identifies five methods of helping: 1.) acting for and doing for others 2.) guiding others 3.) supporting others 4.) providing an environment promoting personal development in relations to meeting future demands 5.) teaching another (Orem, 2001 as cited in M asters, 2011, p. 183). The theory of nursing system describes the responsibilities and roles of the nurse and patient, the reason for the nurse-patient relationship, and the types of interventions needed to be provided to meet the patient’s needs. The theoretical framework of Orem’s theory as it relates to the metaparadigm for nursing is based on the person, a nurse, environment, and health. Nursing is the ability to assist patients to provide and manage self-care to improve and maintain human function at some level. Health is not only taking care of the body but is also how a person performs with daily activities of living and progressing toward higher levels of functioning. Environment includes four features: 1.) physical 2.) chemical 3.) biological 4.) social (Orem, 2001 as cited in Masters, 2011, p. 183). The environment has an impact on the individual’s health and well-being. Finally, persons are human beings who are different from other living beings. Human beings can reflect, symbolize, and use symbols. The person is a patient whom the nurse cares for. Orem’s theory can be applied to all three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Every person needing nursing care has requirements at the primary level of prevention. Secondary prevention is required after the onset of illness and is directed toward reducing complications and disability. Tertiary care is appropriate when functioning is limited. Dorothea Orem’s  theory provides a widespread foundation to the nursing practice and is specific to when nursing care is needed. Orem’s theory can be applied can be applied to various age groups including teenage mothers of newborns. The self-care deficit theory of nursing is useful with teenage mothers of newborns. The theory will focus on the strengths and/or weaknesses of the individual. Methods of help and interventions include teaching, guiding, and providing for and/or maintaining direction in an environment that supports personal development. Healthy People 2020 Objectives According to Healthy People 2020 goals are to improve pregnancy planning and spacing, and prevent unintended pregnancy. Reducing pregnancies among adolescent females aged 15 to 17 years, reducing the number of pregnancies conceived within 18 months of a previous birth, increasing the number of both males and females who have never had sexual intercourse, increasing the number of sexually active persons who use condoms to both effectively prevent pregnancy and provide barrier protection against disease, and increase the number of adolescents who received formal instruction on reproductive health topics before they are 18 years old are all applicable objectives related to teenage pregnancy (â€Å"Family planning,†). There are many nursing interventions that are applicable for prevention of teen pregnancies. Nursing education that includes teaching about contraception, abstinence, and having schools administer condoms through the health office. Interventions can also include designing and presenting programs that includes parent-teen communication with their parent(s), while promoting abstinence and the proper use of contraception. According to Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale (1989) there have been efforts made to prevent teen pregnancies. According to the Panel on Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing primary prevention, delaying sexual activity, and using contraception is where all efforts should be focused on for prevention (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). Primary prevention programs include: 1.) educating teens about sexuality and contraception 2.) changing attitudes about early sexual involvement and 3) providing contraceptives and family planning (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse as a Case Manager Advanced Practice Nurses have the education, training, and skills to perform many of the primary-care duties performed by physicians. Advanced Practice Nurse Case Manager carries out advanced practice functions and develops functions that help to achieve the best results for the client through valuable interactions with clients. The Advanced Practice Nurse will manage and coordinate care for the pregnant teenagers and their families, provide health education, teach self-care behaviors, and offer psychosocial counseling and support, assess the efficacy of the health care system, and assist and monitor improvement ideas of the health care system. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy has been a major problem facing our children since the 1950s. Teen parents are less likely to finish school, more likely to live in poverty, more likely to have babies with low-birth weights and more likely to have children who become teenage mothers themselves. The goals of the health educator should include changing the behavior, providing counseling services, primary and preventative health care, and family educations. For the future, all teens should be aware of the risks involved of sexual intercourse and be educated on the ways to prevent pregnancies. Reference Chitty, K. K. (2005). Professional nursing, concepts & challenges. W B Saunders Co. Family planning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicId=13 Furstenberg, F. F., Jr., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Chase-Lansdale, L. (1989). Teenaged pregnancy and childbearing. American Psychologist, 44(2), 313-320. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.313 Masters, K. (2011). Nursing theories, a framework for professional practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Saewyc, E. M., Magee, L. L., & Pettingell, S. E. (2004). Teenage pregnancy and associated risk behaviors among sexually abused adolescents. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(3), Retrieved from https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3609804.html Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. W. (2011). Understanding the work of nurse theorists, a creative beginning (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Iberia Airlines Essay

i. whom does it serve? In 1944, the civil Aviation Conference was held in Chacigo, where fifty two states siged an International Convention that established the basic principles for the functioning of the air market: each country could negotiate bilateral agreements with other countries in order to regulate the market conditions that would govern air traffic. Before the 1980’s, the planning system used was basically â€Å" point to point†, that is to say, direct flights from one city of origin to another of destination. Instead of planning simple routes, they planned routes from and to the hub airports that came from or were going to other cities. In 1959, ii. What value does it deliver? They used medium and low capacity aircraft on low density routes. Generally they only made domestic flights and rarely international ones. They competed with flag carriers and also with low cost carriers, which had caused a decline in their per passenger income. For that reason, some regional companies decided to go into partnership with flag carriers which results to also low cost carriers. iii. Why does it matter? It matters with the 1.9 billion passengers carried safely by the airline, because of the low cost but efficient carrier. The strategic master plan II 2000-2013, established customer service as one of its priority objectives which in fact result with the passenger’s satisfaction that would be converted to profit. iv. What is its ambition? Its ambition is to suffice the need of its passengers while giving low cost in a way that their service will be still in the international level and not only for domestic purposes with the intention to give a safe and worth it flights. 2. How does the firm create and capture value? i. What is its difference? Its difference is that it gives low cost flights which gives the customers the right satisfaction. They managed flights â€Å"point-to-point†, both scheduled and short haul. They used to regional airports that were cheaper and less crowded than the main airports. Nevertheless, some low-cost carriers such as easyJet and Vueling also used main airports. They had homogenous fleets that facilitated crew information and saved on maintenance costs. They offered one class only with high density seating and no in-flight service. They made sales directly by telephone and internet without issuing tickets. They offered unnumbered seats on the aircraft so as to speed-up the boarding process. They subcontracted many activities such as ground assistance or maintenance. They employees were not union members, and in many cases they contracted for several tasks. Iberia enabled Iberia to ramp up its security without having to take on additional staff. The automatic detections made by Vi-System have resulted in more effective surveillance, managed centrally from the security team’s headquarters, without the need for regular patrols around the large site. ii. How does it deliver its value proposition? Our research indicates that most companies, when asked to construct a customer value proposition, simply list all the benefits they believe that their offering might deliver to target customers. Therefore, the benefits of Iberia are as follows: 1. Non expensive flights 2. Safe flights What makes its strategy superior? Its strategy is superior because they know how to choose their trusted customers. Customers which aims for a low prices offered by the airlines, they made their schedules convenient and frequent, made a good edge by making good previous experience and definitely a direct flight. iii. How does it evolve? It has established partnerships with other flag carriers. Iberia became a partner of European regional airlines although still having independent capitals but it they achieved better service and obtained positive results 8. Describe the here and now condition of the firm as given by your case material PEST Political factors: -Government regulations regarding the safety of the people -Economic policies of government regarding the airline industry, these may include licenses, inspection by the duly authorities that is airline companies follow. Economic factors: – Interest rate would impact the cost of capital, the rate of interest being directly proportionate to the to the cost of capital – Economic trends act as an indicator of the sustenance and profitability of your business in the chosen region and help you in deciding your marketing strategy. – Rate of inflation determines the rate of remuneration of employees and directly affects the price of the restaurant’s products. Again, the proportion between the inflation rate and wages/prices is direct Social Factors: -Certain cultures, like 1st world countries would not choose to go to the Iberia airline just to save money, they would choose airlines which gives better customer satisfaction. Technological Factor: – The technology of the Iberia Airlines is very efficient because when the internet was used, the Iberia Airlines quickly took the idea of selling tickets in the internet. Porters 5 forces It is known for a fact the Iberia Airlines is not the first airlines, but it is said by porter that when there’s a new one, there will always be an old one. Its idea of selling tickets cheaper compared to other companies is a stepping stone. The advantage of this airline is that it has cheaper flights compared to other airlines but same service. Its technology is sufficient and ready for competition. In its early age, it is a fact that there were already 1.9 billion customers and a basis to have a reason of better achievement compared to other rivals. The Mckinsey 7S Strategy: to build partnerships among other airlines but still having independent capital to have independent profit Structure: Everyone reports to the CEO, Rafael Sanchez- Luzano Turmo who decides whether the proposals are to be accepted Systems: Iberia Airlines became more established in the world of air travel and began commercial connections six days a week between Madrid and Barcelona. Shared Values: Its goal is to dominate the airline industry Style: Its style is selling cheaper flights but efficient service. Staff: The Iberia airlines provides ground staffs and cabin crew with iPads to improve customer service Skills: Its main objective is to give services to customers who wants a point to point flights (domestic flights) but it is currently serving international flights SWOT: Strength- Low cost price but efficient service Weakness- Too many international airlines. The train industries are also being their rival companies in term of short term travels Opportunities- well known internationally by giving efficient service Threat- insufficient capital, companies that are well known giving services faster and easier in terms of international flights 9. Formulate the vision and mission statement As we move towards our goal of being a world-class airline, we will continue to give extra-ordinary services to attain customer needs. We intend to provide our customers with a efficient though low cost pricing flights and will surely give memorable experience in the flight. Mission statement Our mission is to run a profitable business by providing high-end international airline. To provide quality and efficient service to the customers, we will maintain the low-cost prices of our services. references: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pest-analysis-example.html http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm http://hbr.org/2006/03/customer-value-propositions-in-business-markets/ar/1 http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_91.htm http://www.airlinetrends.com/2012/07/23/iberiacabin-crew-ipad/

Faar

Jamie Schiller English 114 09/12/12 Difficulty Paper 1 â€Å"If one thinks of cultures, or literatures, as discrete, coherently structured, monolingual edifices, Guaman Poma’s text, and indeed any autoethnographic work, appears anomalous or chaotic – as it apparently did to the European scholars Pietschmann spoke to in 1912. If one does not think of cultures this way, then Guanman Poma’s text is simply heterogeneous, as the Andean region was itself and remains today. Such a text is heterogeneous on the reception end as well as the production end: it will read very differently to people in different positions in the contact zone. (page 492) I found this passage difficult because it uses many terms that I was only introduced to when I started reading Mary Louise Pratt’s essay. It is hard to follow because it uses difficult terms and packs a lot of information into a small amount of writing. Mary Louise Pratt introduces several concepts in the same passage, which was both overwhelming and distracting. It was difficult to understand the passage in its entirety the first time I read it, but after rereading the passage several times and giving it some thought, I think I may have a better understanding of what the author was trying to convey to her audience.I think that Mary Louise Pratt is saying that Guanman Poma’s text can be interpreted in more than one way. She uses the term â€Å"heterogeneous†, which means incongruous or unlike. This suggests that the text was complex and thus could easily be misinterpreted. If two people each have a different perspective of a certain society or culture is different from someone else’s, they probably will not share the same understanding of Poma’s work. Guanman Poma’s letters to the king were written in two languages. This could be a reason why people who view cultures as â€Å"coherently structured, monolingual edifices† may find his work chaotic and confus ing.The European scholars the Pietschmann spoke to in 1912 would not have been able to fully understand Guanman Poma’s work because they do not possess transcultural understanding. The part of the passage that states that, â€Å"If one does not think of cultures this way, then Guanman Poma’s text is simply heterogeneous, as the Andean region was itself and remains today,† suggests that those who come from a â€Å"contact zone†, where two different cultures intermingle, would be able to understand Guanman Poma’s message more easily.This might be caused by the fact that they are familiar with more than one culture existing together and therefore would not be confused or overwhelmed by Poma’s letters. This passage connects to the rest of Pratt’s essay because it talks about autoethnographic texts and transcultration. Pratt introduced both of these terms in her essay because she views them as â€Å"the phenomenon of the contact zone. â⠂¬ 

Financial analysis research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial analysis - Research Paper Example In the execution and development of any business, the financial planning aspect is given utmost importance. The reason for giving so much worth to this element is because of its magnitude and intensity. Positive calculations and feasibility of organizational processes on the financial basis indicate business to flourish in the future (Chandra 24). The strategic dimensional examination by the organization is carried out by financial and accounting analysts. The time frame involved in business mounting and expected returns are highlighted by the financial forecasters. The rationale of revealing this information is to escort organization why they should or should not opt for the business commotion (Chandra 31). The purpose of this paper is to elucidate about the financial analysis of Coca Cola. Core steps of the financial planning and analysis along with categories of financial planning are depicted too. The paper enlightens that to what extent financially Coca Cola stands and what are its strengths and weaknesses. The paper also notifies the positioning of Coca-Cola's biggest competitor; Pepsi Cola's financial condition. Coca Cola- Company Introduction Cola-Cola is the largest beverage brand in the world. The operational activities of the organization are widespread in more than 200 countries. With more than 500 brands and 90,000 employees, Coca-Cola holds promising place in the beverage industry and is considered as the market leader. The company has divided its operational activities into six groups- Europe, North America, Latin America, Pacific, Eurasia and Africa and Bottling investments. The financial positioning of the company throughout the years has been remained promising. Pepsi Cola International is the biggest competitor of Coca Cola and retains prominent position in the industry too. The business endeavours of Coca Cola are far more than Pepsi, and financial analysis of the previous years indicate Coca Cola's lead in the industry (Clarkson 18). Financ ial Analysis and Planning- Core Steps The business environment assessment is the preliminary segment in the financial planning commotion. In this segment, it is determined either the market atmosphere is competitive enough to execute business activity or not. Alongside the economic conditions of the region are determined. Moreover, the legislations or laws passed in favour and against the respective business ventures are scrutinized by the financial analysts. Their role remains to monitor market inclination, approximate the chances of implementation and make precise decision about the viability of market. After business environment assessment segment, business vision and objectives confirmation is determined. Fundamentally the dissection of organizational goals and objectives is detected. Concise understanding about business preference and tendency to operate is scanned by the financial analysts (Chandra 40). The summarization of all the costs attached in the performance of business is illustrated in the financial plan. Business activity has to bear certain risks too which are emphasized in the financial reporting final charge sheet. The financial plan ultimate verdict is presented to the decision making body of the firm so that they would asses either it is possible to opt for the business option or not. The steps elaborated needs to be followed in the same direction, because inter-dependency is attached with each other. The termination, escape or mingling up

Macro11C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro11C - Essay Example The higher the RR, the lower the amount of money lent by banks and vice versa. 3) Federal funds rate (FFR): The FFR refers to the rate at which banks lend each other money overnight in order to maintain the reserve requirement. If the FFR is high, banks would be unwilling to lend beyond the reserve requirement and vice versa. 4) Discount rate (DR): The DR refers to the rate that the federal reserve charges the bank if it wants to borrow money from it in case when the money is not available to be borrowed from other banks. The DR is usually higher than the FFR. The open market operations are the most widely used tool for controlling the money supply in the market. The decisions for these open market operations are made during the Federal Open Market Committee meetings which since 1981 have been held 8 times at regularly scheduled times each year. These open market operations change the money supply without impact the money multiplier. The most powerful tool that the Fed has to control the monetary policy is the Reserve Requirement. Changing the RR not only impacts the money supply but also the money multiplier as it directly influences the bank lending. ... Easy money policy: To fight recessions, the Fed can use its monetary policy tools to increase the growth of money and credit, which tends to lower interest rates and spur growth of the economy. This monetary policy is said to be easy or expansionary. Tight money policy: To restrain inflation, the Fed can use its monetary policy tools to reduce the growth of money and credit, which tends to raise interest rates and slow the growth of the economy. This monetary policy is said to be tight or contractionary. For the easy money policy, first the MS increases which causes the interest rate to decrease which causes the amount of investment to increase. This causes AD to increase leading to a higher real GDP and a little inflation. The implementation in reality is done by the Fed by buying securities from banks and/or reducing the reserve ratio for banks, the FFR and the DR. For the tight monetary policy, first the MS decreases which causes the interest rate to increase which causes the amou nt of investment to decrease. This causes AD to decrease leading to a lower real GDP and a decrease in price levels. The implementation in reality is done by the Fed by selling securities from banks and/or increasing the reserve ratio for banks, the FFR and the DR. Q3: Comment on the theory underlying the use of a monetary rule by the Federal Reserve. Does the use of such a rule seem appropriate under current economic conditions? Explain. The theory underlying the ue of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve is also known as the Taylor Rule. It is an interest rate forecasting model invented by John Taylor in 1992 and described in his 1993 study called â€Å"Discretion Vs. Policy Rules in Practice". In general, the Taylor rule mean that for a 1% increase in